{"id":268,"date":"2016-03-01T13:42:01","date_gmt":"2016-03-01T13:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/?page_id=268"},"modified":"2023-11-15T20:50:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T20:50:38","slug":"melanosis-de-los-citricos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/?page_id=268","title":{"rendered":"<b>Melanosis de los c\u00edtricos<\/b> (<i>Diaporthe citri<\/i>)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"field-label\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Condici\u00f3n fitosanitaria:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinavimo.gob.ar\/plaga\/diaporthe-citri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Presente<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Grupo de cultivos:\u00a0<\/strong>Frutales<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Subgrupo:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00edtricos<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Especie hospedante:\u00a0<\/strong><em>Citrus sinensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus paradisi, Citrus nobilis, Citrus limonium<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rango de hospedantes:<\/strong> c\u00edtricos<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Etiolog\u00eda:\u00a0<\/strong>Hongo. Necrotr\u00f3fico<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Agente causal:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?id=83186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Diaporthe citri<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 F. A. Wolf 1926 (teleomorfo), <em>Phomopsis<\/em>\u00a0<em>citri<\/em> (anamorfo)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En China se identificaron las siguientes especies como agentes causales:\u00a0<em>D. citriasiana<\/em>, <em>D. discoidispora<\/em>, <em>D. eres<\/em>, <em>D. sojae<\/em>, and <em>D. unshiuensis<\/em> (Chaisiri et al., 2020).\u00a0Entre estas especies, el <strong><em>D. citri<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0fue la especie predominante que se aisl\u00f3 con una tasa m\u00e1s alta de diferentes tejidos enfermos de melanosis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Taxonom\u00eda<\/strong><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong><a title=\"kingdom\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=4751&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Fungi<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"subkingdom\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=451864&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Dikarya<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"phylum\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=4890&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Ascomycota<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"subphylum\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=147538&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Pezizomycotina<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"class\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=147550&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Sordariomycetes<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"order\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=5114&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Diaporthales<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"family\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=767018&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Diaporthaceae<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a title=\"genus\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=36922&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock\">Diaporthe<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El estado <strong>anamorfo<\/strong> produce dos tipos de esporas asexuales, los <strong>conidios<\/strong> alfa y beta. Se forman en <strong>picnidios<\/strong> errumpentes de paredes gruesas que se desarrollan en ramitas de c\u00edtricos muertos. Los conidios alfa (5\u20139 x 2,5\u20134 micr\u00f3metros) son unicelulares, hialinos y bigutulados. Los conidios beta (20-30 x 0,7-1,5 micr\u00f3metros) tienden a aparecer en picnidios m\u00e1s viejos y son filiformes y est\u00e1n doblados o en forma de gancho en un extremo. En condiciones de humedad, los conidios salen de los picnidios en masas viscosas o en zarcillos (cirros). La mayor\u00eda de las esporas resisten el secado y permanecen viables en los cirros hasta que son dispersadas por el agua (lluvia, riego por aspersi\u00f3n). El estado <strong>teleomorfo<\/strong> consiste en <strong>peritecios<\/strong> esf\u00e9ricos que se forman en ramitas y contienen <strong>ascosporas<\/strong> producidas sexualmente.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-268 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Chaisiri-2020-2-baja.jpg?v=1626526521' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"8044\" height=\"7298\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Chaisiri-2020-2-baja.jpg?v=1626526521\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-14524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Chaisiri-2020-2-baja.jpg?v=1626526521 8044w, https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Chaisiri-2020-2-baja-300x272.jpg?v=1626526521 300w, https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Chaisiri-2020-2-baja-768x697.jpg?v=1626526521 768w, https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Chaisiri-2020-2-baja-1024x929.jpg?v=1626526521 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 8044px) 100vw, 8044px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-14524'>\n\t\t\t\tCaracter\u00edsticas  morfol\u00f3gicas y culturales de un  aislado de <i>D. citri<\/i>. (A, B) cultivo en medio PDA despu\u00e9s de 7 y 30 d\u00edas, respectivamente. (C, D) morfolog\u00eda de la colonia despu\u00e9s de 30 d\u00edas en medios CMA y OMA, respectivamente. (E \u2013 H) gotas mucilaginosas o cirros con conidios sobre PDA. (I, J) alfa conidios. (K) conidios alfa y beta. Barra de escala (E \u2013 H) = 200 \u03bcm; (I \u2013 K) = 25 \u03bcm. Autor: Chaisiri et al., 2020.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-268 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-06.jpg?v=1629775275' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-06-150x150.jpg?v=1629775275\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-15224\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-15224'>\n\t\t\t\tCirros de <i>Phomopsis citri<\/i> a partir de picnidios subepidermicos en hoja de pomelo.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Cirros-Phomopsis-citri.jpg?v=1630253325' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Cirros-Phomopsis-citri-150x150.jpg?v=1630253325\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-15327\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-15327'>\n\t\t\t\tCirros subepidermicos de <i>Phomopsis citri<\/i>, sobre hojas de naranjo.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-07.jpg?v=1629775282' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-07-150x150.jpg?v=1629775282\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-15225\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-15225'>\n\t\t\t\tConidios de <i>Phomopsis citri<\/i>.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-08.jpg?v=1629775287' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-08-150x150.jpg?v=1629775287\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-15226\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-15226'>\n\t\t\t\tConidios de <i>Phomopsis citri<\/i>.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-05.jpg?v=1629775267' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Melanosis-2021-05-150x150.jpg?v=1629775267\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-15223\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-15223'>\n\t\t\t\tColonias monosp\u00f3ricas de <i>Diaporthe citri<\/i> creciendo en V8.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-268 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SEM.jpg?v=1629777230' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4819\" height=\"1928\" src=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SEM.jpg?v=1629777230\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-15235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SEM.jpg?v=1629777230 4819w, https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SEM-300x120.jpg?v=1629777230 300w, https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SEM-768x307.jpg?v=1629777230 768w, https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SEM-1024x410.jpg?v=1629777230 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4819px) 100vw, 4819px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-15235'>\n\t\t\t\tObservaciones de microscop\u00eda electr\u00f3nica de barrido: (A) conidio de <i>D. citri<\/i> germinado en hoja de c\u00edtrico; (B) hoja pretratada con la cepa bacteriana <i>Pseudomonas putida<\/i> THJ609-3. C =  conidio; Bt = c\u00e9lula bacteriana; Gt = tubo germinativo. Barras = 5 \u03bcm. Autor: Ko et al., 2014.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>. Condici\u00f3n fitosanitaria: Presente Grupo de cultivos:\u00a0Frutales Subgrupo:\u00a0C\u00edtricos Especie hospedante:\u00a0Citrus sinensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus paradisi, Citrus nobilis, Citrus limonium Rango de hospedantes: c\u00edtricos Etiolog\u00eda:\u00a0Hongo. Necrotr\u00f3fico Agente causal:\u00a0Diaporthe citri\u00a0 F. A. Wolf 1926 (teleomorfo), Phomopsis\u00a0citri (anamorfo) En China se identificaron las siguientes especies como agentes causales:\u00a0D. citriasiana, D. discoidispora, D. eres, D. sojae, and D. unshiuensis [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[828,86,59,823,87,88,89,90,883,91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-268","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-ascomycota","category-citricos","category-frutales","category-hongos","category-lima","category-limon","category-mandarina","category-naranjo","category-phomopsis-diaporthe","category-pomelo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=268"}],"version-history":[{"count":74,"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25065,"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/268\/revisions\/25065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}