Podredumbre precosecha en pera (Phytophthora spp.)

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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente

Grupo de cultivos: Frutales (pepita)

Especie hospedante: Peral (Pyrus communis L.)

Etiología: Pseudohongo. Necrotrófico

Agente causal: 

Phytophthora lacustris  Brasier, Cacciola, Nechwatal, Jung & Bakonyi, 2012

Phytophthora drechsleri  Tucker

Phytophthora cactorum

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Taxonomía: Eukaryota > Stramenopiles > Oomycetes > Peronosporales > Phytophthora 

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Antecedentes

En el Alto Valle se ha observado en los últimos años un incremento de casos de podredumbres por Phytophthora en pera almacenada, causando las consecuentes pérdidas económicas. En la temporada 2010/2011, en lotes de pera Williams, Red Bartlett y Packham’s conservada en bines y cajas en cámaras de frío convencional, se registraron pérdidas entre 5 y 20% por P. lacustris (ex P. salixsoil) (Sosa et al., 2015).

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Síntomas

Las podredumbres que se originan por infecciones latentes (asintomáticas) que ocurren en precosecha y se manifiestan en postcosecha.

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Bibliografía

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Brasier C, Scanu B, Cooke D, Jung T (2022) Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation. IMA Fungus 13(1): 12. doi: 10.1186/s43008-022-00097-z

Dobra AC, Sosa MC, Dussi MC (2008) Low incidence of fungal and bacterial diseases in the pear production of north Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Horticult 800: 907–912. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.800.123

Dobra AC, Sosa MC, Greslebin AG, Vélez ML, Lutz MC, Rodriguez G (2011) Fruit rot caused by Phytophthora in cold storaged pears in the Valley of Rio Negro and Neuquén, Argentina. Eds ISHS Acta Horticult 909: 505–510. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.909.59

Hao W, Förster H, Elkins RB, Adaskaveg JE (2020) First Report of Phytophthora lacustris Causing a Fruit Rot of Bartlett Pear in North America. Plant Disease 104: 2528-2528. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-20-0170-PDN

Hunter S, Williams N, McDougal R, et al. (2018) Evidence for rapid adaptive evolution of tolerance to chemical treatments in Phytophthora species and its practical implications. PLoS One 13(12): e0208961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208961

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Kronmiller BA, Feau N, Shen D, et al. (2023) Comparative Genomic Analysis of 31 Phytophthora Genomes Reveals Genome Plasticity and Horizontal Gene Transfer. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 36(1): 26-46. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-06-22-0133-R

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Rossini M (2013) Enfermedades de Malus domestica. In: Atlas fitopatológico INTA, Argentina.

Situ J, Xi P, Lin L, et al. (2022) Signal and regulatory mechanisms involved in spore development of Phytophthora and Peronophythora. Front Microbiol. 13: 984672. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984672

Snowdon AL (1990) Post-Harvest Diseases and Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables Vol. 1. A Color Atlas of Postharvest Diseases. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.

Sosa MC, Lutz MC, Vélez ML, et al. (2015) Pre-harvest rot of pear fruit Golden Russet Bosc caused by Phytophthora lacustris and Phytophthora drechsleri in Argentina. Australasian Plant Dis. Notes 10: 18. doi: 10.1007/s13314-015-0169-y

Sosa MC, Lutz MC (2020) Enfermedades del peral (Pyrus communis) en montes comerciales de la norpatagonia argentina. Boletín de la Asociación Argentina de Fitopatologos N°6. Link

Spotts R, Grove G (2002) First report of Phytophthora syringae causing rot on apples in cold storage in the United States. Plant Disease 86(6): 693. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.693B

Wenneker M, Van Rijswick P, Pham K, et al. (2020) First report of Phytophthora chlamydospora causing postharvest fruit rot on apples and pears in the Netherlands. Plant Disease. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-20-1696-PDN