Podredumbre húmeda del tallo del Algodón (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)

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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente ampliamente distribuida

Grupo de cultivos: Oleaginosas

Especie hospedante: Soja (Glycine max)

Rango de hospedantes: no específico / amplio. S. sclerotiorum es un hongo polífago con un amplio rango de hospedantes y de amplia difusión mundial, siendo el agente causal de podredumbres en diversos cultivos de importancia económica. Se han reportado más de 408 especies de plantas atacadas por S. sclerotiorum, de 278 géneros, en 75 familias. La mayoría de estas especies son dicotiledóneas, aunque también son hospedantes varias plantas monocotiledóneas de importancia agrícola (Boland & Hall, 1994; Bolton et al., 2006; Derbyshire et al., 2022). El grado de susceptibilidad a S. sclerotiorum en las poblaciones de plantas hospedantes a menudo varía considerablemente. Sin embargo, no existe una resistencia completa a S. sclerotiorum en ninguna especie hospedante.

Se han reportado más de 408 especies de plantas atacadas por S. sclerotiorum, de 278 géneros, en 75 familias (Boland & Hall, 1994). Entre las Familias de plantas hospedantes de Scleorotinia sclerotiorum se encuentran:

Actinidiaceae, Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Begoniaceae, Berberidaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Capparidaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Dipsacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Fumariaceae, Gentianaceae, Geraniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Hippocastanaceae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Martyniaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myoporaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Orobanchaceae, Papaveraceae, Passifloraceae, Pinaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Theaceae, Tilliaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Urticaceae, Valerianaceae, Violaceae, Vitaceae.

Epidemiología: monocíclica, subaguda.

Etiología: Hongo. Necrotrófico, con capacidad de supervivencia en el suelo.

Agente causal: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1884)

Taxonomía: Eukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Leotiomycetes > Helotiales > Sclerotiniaceae > Sclerotinia

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Las especies de Sclerotinia spp. no se reproducen en forma asexual (no forman conidios).

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Síntomas

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Bibliografía

Video Sclerotinia in cotton

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