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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente / Presente
Grupo de cultivos: Leñosas (Frutales, Forestales, Ornamentales)
Rango de especies hospedantes: +600 especies. Agrobacterium spp. es capaz de infectar principalmente plantas dicotiledóneas (Winans, 1992).
Epidemiología: monocíclica*, subaguda. (*) excepto que durante la misma estación de crecimiento las labores o el riego dispersen el inóculo a partir de un árbol infectado
Etiología: Bacteria. Gram negativa. Considerada biotrófica (*)
Agente causal: Agrobacterium spp
Taxonomía: Bacteria > Proteobacteria > Alphaproteobacteria > Rhizobiales > Rhizobiaceae > Rhizobium/Agrobacterium group > Agrobacterium > Agrobacterium tumefaciens complex
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(*) actualmente hay controversia sobre si se la debe considerar una bacteria biotrófica o hemibiótrofa. Agrobacterium, podría considerarse un verdadero biótrofo porque no mata a las células de la planta hospedante, sino que induce el desarrollo de tumores vegetales para que proliferen y produzcan metabolitos que puede catabolizar (Kraepiel y Barny, 2016). Sorprendentemente, algunos rasgos de la relación de parasitismo se parecen a los expresados por simbiontes en bacterias de fijación de N estrechamente relacionadas de la familia Rhizobiaceae revelando comportamientos similares entre simbiontes y biótrofos patógenos (González‐Mula et al., 2018).
Las especies de Agrobacterium son particulares porque infectan a sus hospedantes solo a través de heridas que liberan compuestos como la acetosiringona, que activan el mecanismo complejo y único codificado por los plásmidos. Esta compleja interacción da como resultado la inserción de una secuencia de Ti o Ri en el genoma de la planta en el núcleo celular (Gelvin, 2000).
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Síntomas
El síntoma característico de la enfermedad son los tumores que causa en plantas leñozas. Estas agallas o tumores son leñosas y mantienen la coloración y la textura del resto de la corteza.
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