Gomosis o Podredumbre de los citrus (Phytophthora spp.)

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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente

Grupo de cultivos: Frutales (Cítricos)

Especie hospedante: Limonero (Citrus limon)

Etiología: Pseudohongo. Necrotrófico

Agente causal: Phytophthora citrophthora (R. E. Sm. & E. H. Sm.) Leonian 1906, P. parasitica, Phytophthora spp.

Taxonomía: Eukaryota > Stramenopiles > Oomycetes > Peronosporales > Phytophthora 

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Síntomas

La enfermedad destruye las raíces de los pie de injerto susceptibles. El pseudohongo pudre la corteza, la cual se vuelve blanda y se separa de los haces vasculares. Por lo tanto, la absorción de agua y nutrientes se ve severamente comprometida. Los árboles crecen pobremente, las reservas energéticas se consumen y agotan, y la producción declina.

Síntomas generales:

– Declive lento

– Follaje verde claro

– Las hojas se enfrentan como en el estrés hídrico

– Síndrome de hojas pequeñas con severa deficiencia de zinc

– Reducción del dosel: pérdida de la hojas

– Savia que mana del tronco inferior (gomosis)

– Dieback

– Muerte (combinación de variedades muy susceptibles, razas altamente virulentas, acumulación de inóculo, condiciones ambientales conducentes para la enfermedad).

 

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Manejo Integrado

* Plantación de variedades / combinaciones con porta injertos resistentes o tolerantes.

* Regular la irrigación (evitar excesos hídricos, y no regar en la misma ubicación que el tronco)

* Uso de fungicidas

* Uso de activadores de las defensas de las plantas, ej. fosfitos, fosetil aluminio, etc.

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Bibliografía

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