Podredumbre del durazno (Botrytis cinerea)

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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente

Grupo de cultivos: Frutícolas

Especie hospedante: Duraznero (Prunus persica)

Rango de hospedantes: no específico / amplio. B. cinerea es un hongo polífago con un amplio rango de hospedantes y de amplia difusión mundial, siendo el agente causal de la podredumbre gris en diversos cultivos de importancia económica, tales como el arándano, la vid, el kiwi, la frutilla, el tomate, etc. Se han reportado más de 1400 especies de plantas atacadas por Botrytis, de 596 géneros, en 170 familias (Fillinger & Elad, 2016).

Epidemiología: policíclica, subaguda

Etiología: Hongo. Necrotrófico

Agente causal: Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. (anamorfo), Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel (teleomorfo)

Taxonomía: Eukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Leotiomycetes > Helotiales > Sclerotiniaceae > Botrytis

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En general el moho gris (Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea) se considera un patógeno débil, que solo infecta las plantas dañadas o débiles.

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Esquema del ciclo de vida del patógeno

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Bibliografía

Botrytis cinerea. Sistema Nacional Argentino de Vigilancia y Monitoreo de plagas

Amselem J, Cuomo CA, van Kan JAL, Viaud M, Benito EP, et al. (2011) Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. PLoS Genet 7(8): e1002230. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002230

Bi K, Scalschi L, Jaiswal N, et al. (2021) The Botrytis cinerea Crh1 transglycosylase is a cytoplasmic effector triggering plant cell death and defense response. Nature Communications 12: 2166. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22436-1

Cai Q, Qiao L, Wang M, He B, Lin FM, Palmquist J, Huang HD, Jin H (2018) Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes. Science  17 May 2018: eaar4142. DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4142

Cheon W, Kim YS, Balaraju K, Kim BS, Lee BH, Jeon Y (2016) Postharvest Control of Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena in Apples by Gamma Irradiation Combined with Fumigation. Journal of Food Protection 79(8): 1410-1417. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-532

Dean R, Van Kan JAL, Pretorius ZA, Hammond-Kosack KE, Di Pietro A, Spanu PD, et al. (2012) The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology 13: 414–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x

Duan Y, Yang Y, Wang JX, Chen C, Steinberg G, Fraaije B, Zhou M (2018) Simultaneous detection of multiple benzimidazole resistant β-tubulin variants of Botrytis cinerea using loop mediated isothermal amplification. Plant Disease (accepted). doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-18-0542-RE

Emmanuel CJ, van Kan JA, Shaw MW (2018) Differences in the gene transcription state of Botrytis cinerea between necrotic and symptomless infections of lettuce and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Pathology doi: 10.1111/ppa.12907

Fillinger S, Elad Y (2016) Botrytis – the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-23371-0

Frías M, González C, Brito N (2011) BcSpl1, a cerato-platanin family protein, contributes to Botrytis cinerea virulence and elicits the hypersensitive response in the host. New Phytologist 192: 483–495. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03802.x

Garfinkel AR (2021) The History of Botrytis Taxonomy, the Rise of Phylogenetics, and Implications for Species Recognition. Phytopathology 111(3): 437-454. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-20-0211-IA

Hahn M (2014) The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study.  Journal of Chemical Biology 7: 133–141. doi: 10.1007/s12154-014-0113-1

Hahn M,  Viaud M,  van Kan J (2014)  The Genome of Botrytis cinerea, a Ubiquitous Broad Host Range Necrotroph. In:  R. A. Dean et al. (eds.), Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.  doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_2

Hu MJ, Cox KD, Schnabel G (2016) Resistance to Increasing Chemical Classes of Fungicides by Virtue of “Selection by Association” in Botrytis cinerea. Phytopathology 106(12): 1513-1520. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-16-0161-R

Izquierdo-Bueno I, González-Rodríguez VE, Simon A, et al. (2018) Biosynthesis of abscisic acid in fungi: identification of a sesquiterpene cyclase as the key enzyme in Botrytis cinerea. Environ Microbiol. 20(7): 2469-2482. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.14258

Jiang M, Xu X, Song J, et al. (2021) Streptomyces botrytidirepellens sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71(9). doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005004

Kirschbaum DS, Alderete GL, Rivadeneira M, et al. (2015) Reconocimiento de plagas, organismos benéficos y enfermedades habituales del cultivo de frutillas en en noroeste argentino. Guía práctica de campo. Editor/es: Min. de Producción, SAF, Delegación Jujuy. INTA. PRODERI.. – Página/s: 20.

Leisen T, Werner J, Pattar P, et al. (2022) Multiple knockout mutants reveal a high redundancy of phytotoxic compounds contributing to necrotrophic pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea. PLoS Pathog 18(3): e1010367. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010367

Li X, Gao X, Hu S, et al. (2022) Resistance to pydiflumetofen in Botrytis cinerea: risk assessment and detection of point mutations in sdh genes that confer resistance. Pest Manag Sci 78: 1448-1456. doi: 10.1002/ps.6762

Liu Y, Liu JK, Li GH, et al. (2019) A novel Botrytis cinerea-specific gene BcHBF1 enhances virulence of the grey mould fungus via promoting host penetration and invasive hyphal development. Molecular Plant Pathology 20(5): 731-747. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12788

Liu K, Wen Z, Ma Z, et al. (2022) Biological and molecular characterizations of fluxapyroxad-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea. Phytopathol Res 4: 2. doi: 10.1186/s42483-022-00107-3

López Ortega MP (2012) Control Biológico de Botrytis sp. mediante levaduras filosféricas en rosas de corte tipo exportación. Tesis de Maestria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 111 pp.

Maridueña-Zavala MG, Freire-Peñaherrera A, Cevallos-Cevallos JM, et al. (2017) GC-MS metabolite profiling of Phytophthora infestans resistant to metalaxyl. European Journal of Plant Pathology 149(3): 563-574. doi: 10.1007/s10658-017-1204-y

Mbengue M, Navaud O, Peyraud R, Barascud M, Badet T, Vincent R, Barbacci A and Raffaele S (2016) Emerging Trends in Molecular Interactions between Plants and the Broad Host Range Fungal Pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 422. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00422

McClellan WD, Hewitt WB (1973) Early Botrytis Rot of Grapes: Time of Infection and Latency of Botrytis cinerea Pers. in Vitis vinifera L. Phytopathology 63:1151-1157. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-63-1151

Müller N, Leroch M, Schumacher J, Zimmer D, Könnel A, Klug K, Leisen T, Scheuring D, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Hahn M (2018) Investigations on VELVET regulatory mutants confirm the role of host tissue acidification and secretion of proteins in the pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea. New Phytol, 219: 1062-1074. doi: 10.1111/nph.15221

Noda J, Brito N, Gonzalez C (2010) The Botrytis cinerea xylanase Xyn11A contributes to virulence with its necrotizing activity, not with its catalytic activity. BMC Plant Biol 10: 38. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-38

Oren-Young L, Llorens E, Bi K, Zhang M, Sharon A (2021) Botrytis cinerea methyl isocitrate lyase mediates oxidative stress tolerance and programmed cell death by modulating cellular succinate levels. Fungal Genetics and Biology 146: 103484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103484

Richards JK, Xiao CL, Jurick WM 2nd (2021) Botrytis spp.: A Contemporary Perspective and Synthesis of Recent Scientific Developments of a Widespread Genus that Threatens Global Food Security. Phytopathology 111(3): 432-436. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-20-0475-IA

Roca-Couso R, Flores-Félix JD, Rivas R (2021) Mechanisms of Action of Microbial Biocontrol Agents against Botrytis cinerea. Journal of Fungi. 7(12): 1045. doi: 10.3390/jof7121045

Rollins JA, Cuomo CA, Dickman MB, Kohn LM (2014) Genomics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In: Dean R, Lichens-Park A, Kole C (eds) Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens. pp. 1-17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_1

Rossi FR, Krapp AR, Bisaro F, Maiale SJ, Pieckenstain FL, Carrillo N (2017) Reactive oxygen species generated in chloroplasts contribute to tobacco leaf infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Plant Journal (accepted). doi: 10.1111/tpj.13718

Shah P, Gutierrez-Sanchez G, Orlando R, Bergmann C (2009) A proteomic study of pectin-degrading enzymes secreted by Botrytis cinerea grown in liquid culture. Proteomics 9: 3126–3135. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200800933

Schouten A, van Baarlen P, van Kan JAL (2008) Phytotoxic Nep1-like proteins from the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea associate with membranes and the nucleus of plant cells. New Phytologist, 177: 493–505. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02274.x

ten Have A, Mulder W, Visser J, van Kan JAL (1998) The endopoly- galacturonase gene Bcpg1 is required for full virulence of Botrytis cinerea. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11(10): 1009–1016. doi: 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.10.1009

Tian X, Song L, Wang Y, Jin W, Tong F and Wu F (2018) miR394 Acts as a Negative Regulator of Arabidopsis Resistance to B. cinerea Infection by Targeting LCR. Front. Plant Sci. 9:903. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00903

Valero-Jiménez CA, Steentjes MBF, Slot JC, Shi-Kunne X, Scholten OE, van Kan JAL (2020) Dynamics in Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters in Otherwise Highly Syntenic and Stable Genomes in the Fungal Genus Botrytis. Genome Biology and Evolution 12(12): 2491-2507. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaa218

Van Kan JAL, Stassen JHM, Mosbach A, Van Der Lee TAJ, Faino L, Farmer AD, Papasotiriou DG, Zhou S, Seidl MF, Cottam E, Edel D, Hahn M, Schwartz DC, Dietrich RA, Widdison S, Scalliet G (2017) A gapless genome sequence of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Molecular Plant Pathology 18: 75–89. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12384

Wilkinson SW, Pastor V, Paplauskas S, Pétriacq P, Luna E (2018) Long-lasting β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance protects tomato fruit against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Pathology 67: 30–41. doi: 10.1111/ppa.12725

Williamson B, Tudzynski B, Tudzynski P, Van Kan JAL (2007) Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease. Molecular Plant Pathology 8(5): 561–580. doi: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00417.X

Zhang ZQ, Qin GZ, Li BQ, Tian SP (2014) Knocking out Bcsas1 in Botrytis cinerea impacts growth, development, and secretion of extracellular proteins which decreases virulence. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 27: 590–600. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-10-13-0314-R