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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente
Grupo de cultivos: Frutícolas (carozo)
Especie hospedante: Ciruelo (Prunus domestica), ciruelo japonés (Prunus salicina)
Rango de hospedantes: específico / estrecho
Etiología: Hongo. Biotrófico
Agente causal:
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Persoon) Dietel, 1922
Tranzschelia discolor f. sp. domesticae (Fckl.) Tranz. & Litv.
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Taxonomía: Fungi > Dikarya > Basidiomycota > Pucciniomycotina > Pucciniomycetes > Pucciniales > Uropyxidaceae > Tranzschelia
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Síntomas y signos
El hongo ataca e invade principalmente el tejido foliar y causa manchas angulosas de color amarillo-naranja en la cara o superficie superior y pústulas de color marrón claro a negro en la cara o superficie inferior (Bertrand, 1995). Cuando se forma la pústula, el patógeno rompe las células epidérmicas y la capa de la cutícula en las hojas, lo que provoca una pérdida incontrolada y excesiva de agua.
Los árboles muy infectados pueden perder sus hojas prematuramente, incluso en el en medio de la temporada de crecimiento (Ozkul y Erincik, 2010). Los árboles defoliados generalmente desarrollan hojas nuevas, brotes e incluso flores, lo que reduce el conjunto de frutos y el vigor del árbol para los siguientes año (Bertrand, 1995).
Las uredosporas presentan un aspecto ovalado con engrosamiento en la zona basal, de color marrón anaranjado y un tamaño de 20-30 x 10-20 µm.
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Medidas de manejo
Las opciones de manejo de la roya del ciruela son bastante limitadas:
Uso de variedades de ciruelo resistentes o tolerantes, cuando estén disponibles
Control químico: mancozeb, zineb, chlorothalonil, bitertanol, ziram y azufre, que son los fungicidas protectores clásicos comunes, se han reportado como efectivos (Kable et al., 1987a; Menniti and Pratella, 1992; Michailides and Ogawa, 1986). Pocos informes han descrito la eficacia de los fungicidas modernos contra esta enfermedad (Kable et al., 1987b; Reuveni, 2000; Sharma and Bhardwaj, 2001).
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- Autores: Ing. Victor Ziegler, Ing. Francisco Sautua
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Fotos
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Persoon) Dietel, 1922, Plant Parasites of Europe
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Pers.) Dietel, Blackthorn Rust
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Pers.) Dietel – Plum Rust
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae, Discover Life
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Bibliografía
Bertrand PF (1995) Rust. In: Ogawa JM, Zehr EI, Bird GW, Ritchie DF, Uriu K, Uyemoto JK (Eds.) Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, pp. 23-24.
Erincik Ö, Daldal M, Özkul Y (2016) Efficacy and timing of application of fungicides for plum rust control in Turkey. Crop Protection 88: 88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.06.013
Kable PF, Bambach RW, Ellison PJ, Watson A, Kaldor CJ (1987a) Fungicidal control of rust of French prune caused by Tranzschelia discolor. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 38(3): 565-576.
Kable PF, Keen BJ, Bambach RW (1987b) Evaluation of fungicides for curative activity against Tranzschelia discolor, cause of the rust disease of French prune (Prunus domestica L.). Aust. J. Agr. Res. 38 (3): 577-585.
Lintz J, Dubrulle G, Cawston E, et al. (2022) A Short Review of Anti-Rust Fungi Peptides: Diversity and Bioassays. Front. Agron. 4: 966211. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2022.966211
Muhammad Fiaz, Habib Ahmad, Najam-Ul-Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid (2017) New reports and host records of rust fungi from Pakistan. Bangladesh J. Bot. 46(1): 73-81. ISSN: 0253-5416
Ozkul Y, Erincik O (2010) Prevalence, incidence and severity of plum rust [Tranzschelia discolor (Fuckel) Tranzschel and Litv.] in the Aydın Province. J. Adnan Menderes Univ. Agric. Fac. 7 (2), 85e92.
Reuveni M (2000) Efficacy of trifloxystrobin (Flint), a new strobilurin fungicide, in controlling powdery mildews on apple, mango and nectarine, and rust on prune trees. Crop Protection 19(5): 335-341. doi: 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00026-0
Sharma IM, Bhardwaj SS (2001) Evaluation of plum cultivars and fungicides against rust. Plant Disease Res. 16(1): 100-103.
Soylu S, Soylu EM, Kurt S (2004) First report of leaf rust on plum (Prunus cerasifera) by Tranzschelia pruni-spinosa var. discolor in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant Pathology 53: 257. doi: 10.1111/j.0032-0862.2004.00976.x