Mancha marrón de la Soja (Septoria glycines)

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Condición fitosanitaria: Presente ampliamente distribuida

Grupo de cultivos: Oleaginosas

Especie hospedante: Soja (Glycine max)

Rango de hospedantes: específico / estrecho

Rango de hospedantes: específico / estrecho, la mayoría de las especies de Glycine spp, otras especies de leguminosas y malezas comunes como Abutilon spp.

Etiología: Hongo. Necrotrófico (Hemibiotrófico)

Agente causal: Septoria glycines Hemmi

Taxonomía: Eukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Dothideomycetes > Capnodiales > Mycosphaerellaceae > Septoria

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Síntomas y signos

Los síntomas pueden observarse desde estadios tempranos (vegetativos), en los cotiledones y hojas basales. Luego su presencia pasa inadvertida hasta inicios de floración, cuando se observan por manchas foliares angulares a irregulares de color marrón. Los síntomas siempre comienzan por las hojas inferiores. Cuando la hoja aun esta verde, se observa un nítido halo clorótico. Luego el amarillamiento se generaliza y se produce la defoliación que avanza de la base hacia la parte superior de la plantas.

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Condiciones predisponentes para el establecimiento y dispersión de la enfermedad

Temperaturas óptimas de 25 ºC, tiempo húmedo, lluvias con vientos. Las salpicaduras favorecen la dispersión ya que el hongo forma picnidios que liberan los conidios inmersos en una matriz mucosa.

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Daños

Alta importancia relativa.

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Manejo Integrado

* Rotación de cultivos

* Uso de semilla sana o tratada con fungicidas

* Correcta nutrición del cultivo

* Aplicación foliar de fungicidas de acuerdo con criterios técnico-científicos.

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Notas

Mancha marrón de la Soja. Notas de Fitopatología. FCA UNC.

Pérdida de eficacia de uno de los grupos químicos más usados en el país: las estrobilurinas. La Nación Campo. 08.dic.2025

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Bibliografia

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