Tizón de la vaina y el tallo y podredumbre de semillas de la Soja (Phomopsis spp)

.

Condición fitosanitaria: Presente / Presente

Grupo de cultivos: Oleaginosas

Especie hospedante: Soja (Glycine max)

Rango de hospedantes: específico / estrecho

Etiología: Hongo. Necrotrófico

Agente causal: 

Phomopsis sojae (anamorfo) / Diaporthe sojae  Lehman, 1923  (teleomorfo), es el agente causal del tizón de la vaina y el tallo

Phomopsis longicolla (anamorfo) / Diaporthe longicolla  Hobbs, 1985  (teleomorfo), es el agente principal de la pudrición y decaimiento de la semilla

.

Taxonomía: EukaryotaFungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Sordariomycetes > Diaporthales > Diaporthaceae > Diaporthe

.

.

.

.

Síntomas

Los síntomas más frecuentes son observados en semilla, vainas y tallos. El signo característico es la presencia de picnidios (se observan como puntuaciones negras), en hileras en tallos y dispersos en vainas, los cuales bajo condiciones de alta humedad incrementan su número. La semilla infectada puede presentarse arrugada y muchas veces cubierta por micelio blanco. Sin embargo, puede tener aspecto normal y estar infectada.

.

.

Condiciones ambientales predisponentes para el establecimiento de la enfermedad

Temperaturas superiores a 20 ºC y lluvias a partir de madurez fisiológica favorecen la infección de la semilla a partir de las paredes carpelares de la vaina. La lluvia está fuertemente asociada al crecimiento de esta enfermedad. La infección de semillas es más grave cuanto más se demore la cosecha en esas condiciones.

.

Importancia relativa

Alta. De gran prevalencia en todas las zonas, Phomopsis es uno de los patógenos que más disminuyen la calidad de la semilla, generando alta mortandad de plántulas y disminuyendo el poder germinativo.

.

.

Manejo de la enfermedad

Sembrar semillas sanas o tratadas con fungicidas. Fertilizar adecuadamente los lotes. Rotación de cultivos. Aplicación de fungicidas foliares.

.

.

.


.

Bibliografía

Athow KL, Caldwell RM (1954) A comparative study of Diaporthe stem canker and pod stem blight of soybean. Phytopathology 44: 319–325.

Baird RE, Abney TS, Mullinix BG (2001) Fungi associated with pods and seeds during the R6 and R8 stages of four soybean cultivars in southwestern Indiana. Phytoprotection 82: 1–11. doi: 10.7202/706210ar

Brumer BB, Lopes-Caitar VS, Chicowski AS, et al. (2018) Morphological and molecular characterization of Diaporthe (anamorph Phomopsis) complex and pathogenicity of Diaporthe aspalathi isolates causing stem canker in soybean. Eur J Plant Pathol 151: 1009–1025. doi: 10.1007/s10658-018-1436-5

Costamilan LM, Yorinori JT, Almeida AMR, et al. (2008) First report of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora infecting soybean plants in Brazil. Trop Plant Pathol 33: 381–385. doi: 10.1590/S1982-56762008000500007

Fernández FA, Hanlin RT (1996) Morphological and RAPD analyses of Diaporthe phaseolorum from soybean. Mycologia 88: 425–440. doi: 10.1080/00275514.1996.12026670

Gomes RR, Glienke C, Videira SIR, et al. (2013) Diaporthe: a genus of endophytic, saprobic and plant pathogenic fungi. Persoonia 31: 1–41. doi: 10.3767/003158513X666844

Grau CR, Oplinger ES (1981) Influence of cultural practices and foliar fungicides on soybean yield, Phomopsis seed infection and germination. Proceedings Soybean Seed Research Conference, vol. 11, pp. 1–8.

Grijalba P, Ridao AC (2012) Survival of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora (causal agent of soybean stem canker) artificially inoculated in different crop residues. Trop Plant Pathol 37(4): 271–274. doi: 10.1590/S1982-56762012000400006

Gupta A., Kumar R. (2020) Management of Seed-Borne Diseases: An Integrated Approach. In: Kumar R., Gupta A. (eds) Seed-Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management. Springer, Singapore. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9046-4_25

Hobbs TW, Schmitthenner AF, Kuter GA (1985) A new Phomopsis species from soybean. Mycologia 77: 534-544. doi: 10.1080/00275514.1985.12025139

Hosseini B, El-Hasan A, Link T, et al. (2020) Analysis of the species spectrum of the Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex in European soybean seeds. Mycol Progress 19: 455–469. doi: 10.1007/s11557-020-01570-y

Kmetz KT, Schmitthenner AF, Ellett CW (1978) Soybean seed decay: prevalence of infection and symptom expression caused by Phomopsis sp., Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae, and Dphaseolorum var. caulivora. Phytopathology 68: 836–840. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-68-836

Ku Y-S, Cheng S-S, Gerhardt A, Cheung M-Y, Contador CA, Poon L-YW, Lam H-M (2020) Secretory Peptides as Bullets: Effector Peptides from Pathogens against Antimicrobial Peptides from Soybean. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(23): 9294. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239294

Kulik MM (1984) Symptomless infection, persistence, and production of pycnidia in host and non-host plants by Phomopsis batataePhomopsis phaseoli, and Phomopsis sojae, and the taxonomic implications. Mycologia 76(2): 274–291. doi: 10.1080/00275514.1984.12023837

Lehman SG (1923) Pod and stem blight of soybean. Ann Mo Bot Gard 10: 111–178.

Li S (2010) Phomopsis Seed Decay of Soybean. Soybean – Molecular Aspects of Breeding. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/15688

Li S, Chen P (2013) Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean. ISRN Agronomy Article ID 738379. doi: 10.1155/2013/738379

Li S, Darwish O, Alkharouf NW, et al. (2017) Analysis of the genome sequence of Phomopsis longicolla: a fungal pathogen causing Phomopsis seed decay in soybean. BMC Genomics 18(1):688. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4075-x

Li S, Deng Y (2021) Mitochondrial Genome Resource of Phomopsis longicolla, a Fungus Causing Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean. PhytoFrontiers™ 0 0:0. doi: 10.1094/PHYTOFR-10-20-0027-A

Mengistu A, Heatherly LG (2006) Planting date, irrigation, maturity group, year, and environment effects on Phomopsis longicolla, seed germination, and seed health rating of soybean in the early soybean production system of the midsouthern USA. Crop Protection 25: 310-317. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.05.011

Mengistu A, Castlebury LA, Smith JR, et al. (2009) Seasonal progress of Phomopsis longicolla infection on soybean plant parts and its relationship to seed quality. Plant Dis. 93: 1009-1018. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1009

Mengistu A, Castlebury LA, Morel W, et al. (2014) Pathogenicity of Diaporthe spp. isolates recovered from soybean (Glycine max) seeds in Paraguay. Can J Plant Pathol 36(4): 470–474. doi: 10.1080/07060661.2014.966151

Morgen-Jones G (1985) The Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex of soybean: morphology. In: Proceedings of the conference on Diaporthe/Phomopsis disease complex of soybean. United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, pp 1–7

Morgan-Jones G (1989) The Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex: taxonomic considerations. In: Pascale A (ed) Proceedings of the world soybean research conference IV. Orientación Gráfica, Buenos Aires, pp 1699–1706.

Morris TC, Vann RA, Collins GD, et al. (2021) Planting date and maturity group impact on soybean seed quality in the southeastern United States. Agronomy Journal. 1135287– 5301. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20913

Nevena M, Jelena V, Franić-Mihajlović D (1997) A comparative study of Diaporthe/Phomopsis fungi on soybean from two different regions of the world. Mycopathologia 139: 107–113. doi: 10.1023/A:1006849020432

Petrović K, Vidić M, Riccioni L, et al. (2015) First report of Diaporthe eres species complex causing seed decay of soybean in Serbia. Plant Dis 99(8): 1186. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0056-PDN

Petrovic K, Skaltsas D, Castlebury L, et al. (2020) Diaporthe seed decay of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is endemic in the United States, but new fungi are involved. Plant Disease. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0604-RE

Petrović K, Skaltsas D, Castlebury LA, et al. (2021) Diaporthe Seed Decay of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Is Endemic in the United States, But New Fungi Are Involved. Plant Dis. 105(6): 1621-1629. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0604-RE

Petrović K, Šućur Elez J, Crnković M, et al. (2023) The Biochemical Response of Soybean Cultivars Infected by Diaporthe Species Complex. Plants 12(16): 2896. doi: 10.3390/plants12162896

Pioli RN, Morandi EN, Biasaro V (2001) First report of soybean stem canker caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in Argentina. Plant Dis 85: 95. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.1.95B

Rossman AY, Adams GC, Cannon PF, et al. (2015) Recommendations of generic names in Diaporthales competing for protection or use. IMA Fungus 6(1): 145–154. doi: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.09

Roy KW, Keith BC, Andrews CH (1994) Resistance of hardseeded soybean lines to seed infection by Phomopsis, other fungi, and soybean mosaic virus. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16: 122-128. doi: 10.1080/07060669409500769

Santos JM, Vrandečić K, Ćosić J, et al. (2011) Resolving the Diaporthe species occurring on soybean in Croatia. Persoonia 27: 9–19. doi: 10.3767/003158511X603719

Shortt BJ, Grybauskas AP, Tenne FD, Sinclair JB (1981) Epidemiology of Phomopsis seed decay of soybean in Illinois. Plant Dis. 65: 62-64. doi: 10.1094/PD-65-62

Sinclair JB (1992) Discoloration of soybean seeds in an indicator of quality. Plant Dis 76: 1087–1091.

Sinclair JB (1993) Phomopsis seed decay of soybeans – a prototype for studying seed disease. Plant Dis 77(4): 329–334. doi: 10.1094/PD-77-0329

Sinclair JB (1999) DiaporthePhomopsis complex. In: Hartman GL, Sinclair JB, Rupe JC (Eds.), Compendium of Soybean Diseases (4th ed), American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN, pp. 31-32.

Sun S, Kim MY, Chaisan T, et al. (2013) Phomopsis (Diaporthe) species as the cause of soybean seed decay in Korea. J Phytopathol 161: 131–134. doi: 10.1111/jph.12034

Tekrony DM, Egli DB, Stuckey RE, Balles J (1983) Relationship between weather and soybean seed infection by Phomopsis sp. Phytopathology 73: 914-918. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-73-914

TeKrony DM, Egli DB, Balles J, et al. (1984) Effect of date of harvest maturity on soybean seed quality and Phomopsis sp. and infection. Crop Sci., 24: 189-193. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400010045x

TeKrony DM, Grabau LJ, Delacy M, Kane M (1996) Early planting of early maturing soybean: effect on seed germination and Phomopsis infection. Agronomy J., 88: 428-433. doi: 10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800030011x

Thomison PR, Kenworthy WJ, McIntosh MS (1990) Phomopsis seed decay in soybean isolines differing in stem termination, time of flowering, and maturity. Crop Sci. 30: 183-188. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000010040x

Udayanga D, Liu X, McKenzie EHC, et al. (2011) The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens. Fungal Diversity 50: 189. doi: 10.1007/s13225-011-0126-9

Udayanga D, Liu X, Crous PW, et al. (2012) A multi-locus phylogenetic evaluation of Diaporthe (Phomopsis). Fungal Divers 56: 157–171. doi: 10.1007/s13225-012-0190-9

Udayanga D, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, et al. (2014) Insights into the genus Diaporthe: phylogenetic species delimitation in the Deres species complex. Fungal Divers 67: 203–229. doi: 10.1007/s13225-014-0297-2

Udayanga D, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Hyde KD (2014) Species limits in Diaporthe: molecular re-assessment of DcitriDcytosporellaDfoeniculina and Drudis. Persoonia 32: 83–101. doi: 10.3767/003158514X679984

Vidić M, Petrović K, Đorđević V, Riccioni L (2013) Occurrence of Phomopsis longicolla β Conidia in Naturally Infected Soybean. J Phytopathol 161: 470-477. doi: 10.1111/jph.12092

Walcott RR (2014) Acidified PDA method for the detection of Phomopsis complex on Glycine max. In: International rules for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Bassersdorf, pp 7–016.

Wrather JA, Kendig SR, Wiebold WJ, Riggs RD (1996) Cultivar and planting date effects on soybean stand, yield, and Phomopsis sp. seed infection. Plant Disease 80: 622-624. doi: 10.1094/PD-80-0622

Zhang AW, Riccioni L, Pedersen WL, et al. (1998) Molecular identification and phylogenetic grouping of Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla isolates from soybean. Phytopathology 88(12): 1306–1314. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1306

¿Cómo citar esta información para publicaciones?
Herbario Virtual. Cátedra de Fitopatología. Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. https://herbariofitopatologia.agro.uba.ar